(一)相關概念
企(qi)業常用的賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)處(chu)(chu)理程序(xu)(xu),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有記賬(zhang)(zhang)憑證(zheng)(zheng)賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)處(chu)(chu)理程序(xu)(xu)、匯總(zong)記賬(zhang)(zhang)憑證(zheng)(zheng)賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)處(chu)(chu)理程序(xu)(xu)和科目匯總(zong)表賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)處(chu)(chu)理程序(xu)(xu),它(ta)們之間的主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)區別是登記總(zong)分類(lei)賬(zhang)(zhang)的依據(ju)和方法不同。
1.記(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)處(chu)理程序(xu)(xu),是指對發生的經濟業務(wu),先根(gen)據原始(shi)憑(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)或匯總原始(shi)憑(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)填制記(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),再根(gen)據記(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)登記(ji)總分類賬(zhang)(zhang)的一種賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)處(chu)理程序(xu)(xu)。記(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)處(chu)理程序(xu)(xu),適用于(yu)規模較小、經濟業務(wu)量(liang)較少(shao)的單位。
2.匯(hui)(hui)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)記(ji)(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理程(cheng)序,是(shi)指先根據原始憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)或匯(hui)(hui)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)原始憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)填制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)記(ji)(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),定(ding)期根據記(ji)(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)分(fen)類編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匯(hui)(hui)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)收款(kuan)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、匯(hui)(hui)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)付款(kuan)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)和(he)匯(hui)(hui)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)轉(zhuan)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),再根據匯(hui)(hui)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)記(ji)(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)登記(ji)(ji)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)分(fen)類賬(zhang)(zhang)的(de)一種賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理程(cheng)序。匯(hui)(hui)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)記(ji)(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),是(shi)指對一段時間內同(tong)類記(ji)(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)進行定(ding)期匯(hui)(hui)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)而編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)記(ji)(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。匯(hui)(hui)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)記(ji)(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理程(cheng)序,適合于規模較大、經濟(ji)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)較多的(de)單位。
3.科(ke)目(mu)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)總表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu),又稱記賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)總表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu),是(shi)指根據(ju)記賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)定期(qi)編制科(ke)目(mu)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)總表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),再根據(ju)科(ke)目(mu)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)總表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)登記總分類(lei)賬(zhang)(zhang)的一種賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)。科(ke)目(mu)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)總表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),又稱記賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)總表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),是(shi)企業定期(qi)對全部記賬(zhang)(zhang)憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)進行匯(hui)(hui)(hui)總后,按(an)照不同的會計科(ke)目(mu)分別列示各賬(zhang)(zhang)戶(hu)借方發生額和貸方發生額的一種匯(hui)(hui)(hui)總憑(ping)(ping)證(zheng)。科(ke)目(mu)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)總表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu),適用于經濟(ji)業務(wu)較多的單位。
(二(er))記(ji)賬(zhang)憑證(zheng)賬(zhang)務處理程(cheng)序的應(ying)用
記(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑證(zheng)(zheng)賬(zhang)(zhang)務(wu)處理程序的(de)(de)一(yi)般步驟有(you):(1)根據(ju)(ju)(ju)原(yuan)始憑證(zheng)(zheng)填制(zhi)(zhi)匯(hui)總(zong)(zong)原(yuan)始憑證(zheng)(zheng);(2)根據(ju)(ju)(ju)原(yuan)始憑證(zheng)(zheng)或(huo)匯(hui)總(zong)(zong)原(yuan)始憑證(zheng)(zheng),填制(zhi)(zhi)收款憑證(zheng)(zheng)、付款憑證(zheng)(zheng)和(he)(he)轉賬(zhang)(zhang)憑證(zheng)(zheng),也可以(yi)填制(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)用(yong)記(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑證(zheng)(zheng);(3)根據(ju)(ju)(ju)收款憑證(zheng)(zheng)和(he)(he)付款憑證(zheng)(zheng)逐筆登記(ji)庫存(cun)現金(jin)日(ri)記(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)和(he)(he)銀(yin)行存(cun)款日(ri)記(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang);(4)根據(ju)(ju)(ju)原(yuan)始憑證(zheng)(zheng)、匯(hui)總(zong)(zong)原(yuan)始憑證(zheng)(zheng)和(he)(he)記(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑證(zheng)(zheng),登記(ji)各種明細(xi)分類賬(zhang)(zhang);(5)根據(ju)(ju)(ju)記(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)憑證(zheng)(zheng)逐筆登記(ji)總(zong)(zong)分類賬(zhang)(zhang);(6)期末,將庫存(cun)現金(jin)日(ri)記(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)、銀(yin)行存(cun)款日(ri)記(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)和(he)(he)明細(xi)分類賬(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)余額(e)與有(you)關(guan)總(zong)(zong)分類賬(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)余額(e)核(he)對相符;(7)期末,根據(ju)(ju)(ju)總(zong)(zong)分類賬(zhang)(zhang)和(he)(he)明細(xi)分類賬(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)記(ji)錄,編制(zhi)(zhi)財務(wu)報(bao)表。